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JavaScript is disabled. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. You are using an out of date browser. When you save a workbook, the current calculation settings are stored in the workbook. Automatic calculation mode means that Excel automatically recalculates all open workbooks at every change and when you open a workbook. Usually when you open a workbook in automatic mode and Excel recalculates, you do not see the recalculation because nothing has changed since the workbook was saved.
You might notice this calculation when you open a workbook in a later version of Excel than you used the last time that the workbook was calculated for example, Excel versus Excel Because the Excel calculation engines are different, Excel performs a full calculation when it opens a workbook that was saved using an earlier version of Excel. For workbooks that take more than a fraction of a second to recalculate, you must set calculation to manual mode to avoid a delay when you make changes.
Excel tells you when a workbook in manual mode needs recalculation by displaying Calculate in the status bar. The status bar also displays Calculate if your workbook contains circular references and the iteration option is selected. If you have intentional circular references in your workbook, the iteration settings enable you to control the maximum number of times the workbook is recalculated iterations and the convergence criteria maximum change: when to stop. Clear the iteration box so that if you have accidental circular references, Excel will warn you and will not try to solve them.
When you set this workbook property to True, Excel's Smart Recalculation is turned off and every recalculation recalculates all the formulas in all the open workbooks. For some complex workbooks, the time taken to build and maintain the dependency trees needed for Smart Recalculation is larger than the time saved by Smart Recalculation. If your workbook takes an excessively long time to open, or making small changes takes a long time even in manual calculation mode, it may be worth trying ForceFullCalculation.
Calculate will appear in the status bar if the workbook ForceFullCalculation property has been set to True. For most versions of Excel, a faster processor will, of course, enable faster Excel calculation.
The multithreaded calculation engine introduced in Excel enables Excel to make excellent use of multiprocessor systems, and you can expect significant performance gains with most workbooks. For most large workbooks, the calculation performance gains from multiple processors scale almost linearly with the number of physical processors.
However, hyper-threading of physical processors only produces a small performance gain. Paging to a virtual-memory paging file is slow. You must have enough physical RAM for the operating system, Excel, and your workbooks.
If you have more than occasional hard disk activity during calculation, and you are not running user-defined functions that trigger disk activity, you need more RAM. As mentioned, recent versions of Excel can make effective use of large amounts of memory, and the bit version of Excel and Excel can handle a single workbook or a combination of workbooks using up to 2 GB of memory.
The bit version of Excel can handle larger workbooks. For more information, see the "Large data sets, LAA, and bit Excel" section in Excel performance: Performance and limit improvements. A rough guideline for efficient calculation is to have enough RAM to hold the largest set of workbooks that you need to have open at the same time, plus 1 to 2 GB for Excel and the operating system, plus additional RAM for any other running applications.
To make workbooks calculate faster, you must be able to accurately measure calculation time. You need a timer that is faster and more accurate than the VBA Time function. It can measure time intervals down to small numbers of microseconds. Be aware that because Windows is a multitasking operating system, and because the second time that you calculate something, it may be faster than the first time, the times that you get usually do not repeat exactly.
To achieve the best accuracy, measure time calculation tasks several times and average the results. For more information about how the Visual Basic Editor can significantly affect VBA user-defined function performance, see the "Faster VBA user-defined functions" section in Excel performance: Tips for optimizing performance obstructions.
To measure calculation time, you must call the appropriate calculation method. These subroutines give you calculation time for a range, recalculation time for a sheet or all open workbooks, or full calculation time for all open workbooks.
Copy all these subroutines and functions into a standard VBA module. On the Insert menu, select Module , and then copy the code into the module. Select the subroutine you want, and then click Run. Most slow-calculating workbooks have only a few problem areas or obstructions that consume most of the calculation time. If you do not already know where they are, use the drill-down approach outlined in this section to find them.
If you do know where they are, you must measure the calculation time that is used by each obstruction so that you can prioritize your work to remove them.
The drill-down approach starts by timing the calculation of the workbook, the calculation of each worksheet, and the blocks of formulas on slow-calculating sheets. Do each step in order and note the calculation times. This shows where the last used cell is. If this is beyond where you expect it to be, consider deleting the excess columns and rows and saving the workbook.
For more information, see the "Minimizing the used range" section in Excel performance: Tips for optimizing performance obstructions. This measures the extent to which volatile formulas and the evaluation of the calculation chain are obstructions. Because you just recalculated the workbook, this gives you the recalculate time for each worksheet.
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