Kali has gone beyond any live cd distro and This means that the limitations of carriers and moved into the category of a full-fledged operat- various manufacturers put on the device is eas- ing system. It has moved to a solid base of Debi- ily bypassed, extended functionality is accessed an modules and is completely File Hierarchy Sys- without any problems, custom modules and up- tem FHS compliant.
All directories appear under grades can be added without any limitations. Now the user can execute any tool from anywhere in the file-system, irrespective of its installed location.
The second advantage of Kali is its support for ARM hardware and ability to boot- strap the installation directly from the repositories. Kali operating system has over three hundred penetration testing tools and wireless device sup- port. Its kernel is highly patched and network services are disabled by default making it more secure. Kali is not just for network security profes- sionals, beginners can also start learning about cyber security using this distribution. Whether you are pentesting wireless, exposing server vulner- Figure 2.
Unlock Bootloader abilities, performing a web application based ex- ploit, learning, or doing social engineering, Kali is the one-stop-shop for all security needs. Kali is free and now ported on Android based smartphone to be taken anywhere.
These tools are all categorised in fif- teen different categories for various purposes. HTC provides instructions on their website to unlock the Bootloader for HTC One X, but by performing this operation, the user voids all warranty on the device. Once the device gets connected successfully to the PC, login to the HTCDev web- site with the registered user name and password. Linux Deploy Bootloader to start the wizard.
The website prompts to sign a disclaimer that clearly states, the warranty is void and proceed- ing further would mean that every repair would be charged. The website wizard finishes by request- ing the device Token ID extracted from the mobile phone.
Next step is to install SuperSu app, which is an access management tool. Now with root privilege on the mobile device, Kali Linux can be installed. Install inish quality video Figure Ka- li Linux GUI will show up. Extracted folder containing kali.
Armitage is a scriptable tool for Metasploit that visualizes tar- gets, recommends exploits and exposes the ad- vanced post-exploitation features in the Metasploit framework. It has many features for discovery, access, post-exploitation, and manoeuvre, which makes is more effective.
The chroot operation changes the root directory for the current running processes and its children processes by creating and hosting a sepa- rate virtualised environment. Any program deployed using this operation is confined to the defined base directory. Here the chroot operation is used to setup the Kali Linux platform for pentesting.
To run the Kali Figure 9. Figure The begin- ners can start using kali GUI on mobile device and the more experienced who are comfortable with the terminals can have fun using kali CLI. In the future, more mobile-based tools and apps are going to flood the markets and we need to start using mobile devices and smartphones as they and becoming inexpensive and more functional. Hope this article is helpful, informative and encourages you towards the field of cyber security and pentesting.
He has worked in various roles, i. Cur- rently he works as an Independent consultant in network and systems security. He has var- ied interests including malware analysis, open source intelli- gence gathering, reversing, ofensive security and hardware Figure Metasploit in Kali chroot hacking. Email: Daniel techngeeks. K ali Linux is probably one of the distributions mation. Knowing all the potential weak points is more complete for the realization of pene- our goal.
To do this the first thing that we are going tration test. This is accompanied by many to do is to conduct a port scan with nmap. In this tools of all kinds. We will focus on the following: Information Gath- ering, search vulnerabilities, exploitation and Post exploitation. It is important to know that: in this article you are working with a series of tools for a specific pur- pose, but this does not mean that the tool can only be used for this purpose. The vast majority of the tools have multiple uses.
Nmap: Information gathering When we are ready to perform an attack, the first and most important step is the collection of infor- Figure 1. Result of scan with Zenmap. The Some of the services that are attacked : scan showed a few open ports on the server, and this may give us some clues as to where to find Port 21 FTP potential vulnerabilities.
The information which has Port pop3 taken us back is quite juicy, the server that we are Port mysql attacking has more of a role assigned, therefore more points to that attack.
These protocols and their connec- tion, have a very robust encryption, which is why it is more complex to obtain a key using brute force, or crack a password snifing the trafic on a LAN. As an example; both by the port 21 as the could be attempting to perform a brute-force at- tack. On the other hand, we have port that tells us that mysql installed. We will do some checking typical to perform a pen- etration test, such as trying to access an anonymous Figure 2. Acces denied for mysql backend user FTP, or verify access to mysql is enabled.
However, having a mysql installed and see so many open ports makes us think that the web that we are attacking have more than one database dedicated to various services, for example, for the main page, a database, for the blog other, and so on for each part of the web. This can mean that some of the parts of the web page is vulnerable. The first of them nerabilities is doing a full scan of the web site.
This option is intercepting and all the connections that are made less advised that the previous one, however, can with Firefox, Chrome, or any other browser. It is less advisable to use gle point, that is to say, possibly the web to which this method, or better said, the handicaps of using we are attacking has multiple URL, between the as a proxy is, that if you do a full scan on a web- BLOG, the main page, the access to the extranet, site, OWASP runs through all the URL of the page access to suppliers, and so on using as a proxy and tries to find vulnerabilities in each of the par- OWASP interceptions exclusively part of the web ties of the web.
This implies that the IDS or firewall server that we want to attack. OWASP when perform a full scan, launches all possible attacks, grouping the vulnerabilities found based on their criticality. Once that we already have the result of the scan- ning, the most advisable is to perform a first look Figure 5.
XSS cross site scripting exploited at the potential vulnerabilities, and then export it in. HTML in order to be able to focus on those vulner- abilities that we are the most interested in. Figure 4 is the result already exported and in de- tail on the vulnerabilities found. Figure 5, is the result of XSS. Figure 6. Showing the databases with sqlmap Figure 7. Results of the table containing the users Figure 8. Among other vulnerabilities, we found a possible failure of SQL injection.
The first thing is to check whether there is such php? Knowing that is vulnerable, we used sqlmap tool Then the options that we offer sqlmap, would get to automate the processes of SQL injection. It could even two ways to use sqlmap, one of them would be us- make a dump of all the DB.
Sometimes the users and passwords are in dif- ferent tables, however this is not a problem, we cannot continue with the process of intrusion. Fig- ures 7 and 8 show the users and passwords in dif- ferent tables. And as we saw earlier, one of the open ports was precisely the Thus, we tried to enter and Figure 9. Dump of users data and passwords Navigating a little for folders on the ftp we realize that the website has a blog with Wordpress Figure This makes it easier for us once more to get access to the system We downloaded the file wp-config to view the user that connects with the Wordpress Database, and we try to connect to a mysql client Figure Summary With only 3 programs we have obtained full access and with root permissions to Mysql.
Also, we have had access to the FTP server where are housed all of the files of the web site, and where we could get a remote shell.
These 3 tools are in the Top Ten of Kali Linux. These are without doubt the tools to be considered in order to make hacking attacks and penetration testing.
Ismael Gonzalez D. We will create an executable legitimate, hardly detected by any antivirus, so we complete a computer target.
I want to point out that all the information here should be used for educational purposes or penetration test, because the invasion of unauthorized devices is crime. B ackdoor is a security hole that can exist in a may be exploited via the Internet, but the term can computer program or operating system that be used more broadly to describe ways of stealthy could allow the invasion of the system so obtaining privileged information systems of all that the attacker can get a full control of the ma- kinds.
Social Engineering Toolkit, Step 1 Figure 3. Enter the IP adress, Step 3 Figure 2. Create the Payload and Listener, Step 2 Figure 4. Generally this feature is interesting target computer is who will connect to the attack- when software must perform update operations or er Figure 4.
In the screenshot below to watch 3 validation. Start the listener, Step 5 Figure 8. Ettercap, Step 2 Figure 6. Starting interaction, Step 6 Figure 7.
Ettercap, Step 1 Figure 9. Ettercap, Step 3 www. Start Sniing, Step 4 return an incorrect IP address, diverting traffic to another computer. Step to Step Open the terminal. Type and hit enter Figure 7 : Figure Social Engineering Attacks, Step 2 Figure Social Engineering Toolkit, Step 1 Figure The attacks built into the toolkit are de- tials during the execution of the penetration test.
It signed to be focused on attacks against a person consists of sending false answers to DNS requests or organization used during a penetration test. Web Templates, Step 6 Figure Java Applet Attack, Step 4 Figure Site Cloning, Step 5 Figure URL to be cloned, Step 7 www.
You can collect various in- formation about the target Figure Powershell, Step 11 Figure This shows that the connection has been estab- lished with the machine. You can use utilities such as Restart, Shutdown the system.
It is worth remembering that I made this article for educational purposes only, I am totally against the cybernetic crime, so use it with conscience. I started studying Figure O pen Source solutions can be leveraged as tion will also be used to support the internal com- a low-cost and effective strategy to mini- pliance program of our technology firm.
As such, I will dis- mplement policies and procedures to prevent, de- cuss my overall experiences here but will not get tect, contain, and correct security violations. Risk analysis is one of four ner.
There are much better resources elsewhere required implementation specifications that pro- to explain the details of this particular project.
In vide instructions to implement the Security Man- other words, I am not reinventing the wheel here agement Process standard. Section Think of this as more of a busi- Conduct an accurate and thorough assessment ness case with some of the technical bits included. The result of the scans will address HIPAA risk anal- ysis requirements while driving vulnerability remedi- ation plans.
The final solution must scale with grow- ing business demands for security assessments so automation of distributed scanners was a primary consideration. Additionally, the scanners must be cost-effective to deploy, easy to manage more on this later , and enable centralized reporting. Figure 1. Raspberry Pi Model B Having familiarity with the Backtrack Linux distri- bution, Kali was a logical choice for a best of breed Designed as a project computer, the Raspberry Pi offering in the open source community.
So what appeared to be a good it for our speciic require- is Kali Linux? According to Kali. I followed the documentation on Kali. Since diting Linux distribution. Kali is free as card was used for provisioning the operating sys- in beer and contains over penetration testing tem. A production system may require more stor- tools. This seems like a good fit for the low-cost re- age for running multiple reporting tools and keep- quirement of the project.
To further control costs, the Raspberry Pi system on a chip SoC device was selected as the comput- Some Notes on Installation er hardware for the scanners. We are seeking to balance cost, expected problems encountered during the initial size, and power efficiency against performance re- set up process. It is often said that installing open quirements and capabilities of the system.
That be- source systems is not for the faint of heart. I agree. Troubleshooting this issue led me to forum word-processing and games. It also plays high-def- posts discussing the same symptoms and of suc- inition video. We want to see it being used by kids cessful attempts using version 1. This is the path I took in order Selecting a Scanner to make progress on the task at hand. With over security tools available on the Ka- Some initial hardware problems were experi- li system, we must narrow down which tool or enced due to drawing too much power from the tools to use for our purposes.
Here are some of USB ports. For example, my Apple USB keyboard the requirements: was detected by the operating system, but would not work. This is how I ran the device dur- scanners at various client sites, the system must be ing my testing and eliminated the need for an ad- able to run as a scheduled task and will ultimate- ditional power supply.
Having lexibili- Also, the default install does not fully utilize the ty with its coniguration, the software should adapt SD card which led to errors due to a full disk when well to changes in solution requirements over time.
This was resolved by us- Freely available vulnerability deinition updates will ing the fdisk followed by the resize2fs utilities to keep costs down while allowing the system to de- expand the system partition to use the remain- tect ever-evolving system threats.
The tool should ing free space. Exact details for this can be found provide multiple options for reporting output. From a security standpoint, we are not storing Listing 1. As such, precautions to secure transmis- updates sion of reports will be established as part of the so- apt-get install xfce4 xfce4-goodies — installs lution.
For the reasons described above, I select- items need to support the xserver GUI ed OpenVAS as the scanning tool for this proof of apt-get install iceweasel — installs the concept. No one system will be one hundred per- default browser cent effective all of the time.
Certain vulnerabilities will be missed while some false-positives may be reported. The important thing is we are using the tool as the new Kali system would be deployed to perform part of an overall security effort. A more attractive the network vulnerability scans. With so many ca- option would be to deploy multiple scanning tools to pabilities packed into this Linux security distro, validate the results and cover gaps that exist from there was no shortage of options. For the purposes of this Running startx from the command prompt cranks phase of the project, we will stick to using a single up the desktop interface.
Even if we will not normal- tool for scanning and reporting. I ran my out-of-the-box OpenVAS install from the Be prepared to grab a cup of coffee when first start- desktop and fired up the setup script included with ing the graphic interface. The slower processing the GUI menu options. After several attempts to power of the Raspberry box takes a few minutes to configure and run scans with no luck, I decided to load the desktop the first time.
Patience is rewarded pursue a different course of action. While time- have expressed written permission to perform any consuming, the script checks out all parts of the penetration tests, vulnerability scans, or enumer- OpenVAS system and updates as necessary.
I had ation of network services and host information. For test- ing purposes, I have used my home network and Listing 2. Enough said about that. The tasks can be scheduled and leverage openvas-scapdata-sync update SCAP feed Escalators, such as send an email when the task openvas-certdata-sync update CERT feed is complete. This can be a single Target con- openvasad starts the OpenVAS Administrator figuration for a simple network or multiple servers, gsad starts the Greenbone Security Assistant workstations, network devices.
Multiple targets would be useful when it is desirable to customize the level of scanning based on different device types. Scan Configs — preset vulnerability scan con- figurations using different levels of scanning tech- niques. As the more intrusive configs can bring down hosts, use caution when making decisions on how and when to run the scans. For this exercise, I set up three separate scan targets — our workstation network, our server net- work, and one for my work computer.
For each of these I used the Full and Fast scan option. This Figure 2. Migrating the database was the least invasive of the default set of scan configurations. Several tabs at the bottom To double-check for listening services, I ran the of the application window delineate the various ar- command: netstat -A inet —ntlp. As the OpenVAS eas for configuration. The time required to perform the ceeded with testing Figure 3.
Just to get an idea of the traffic generated during a scan, I ran Wireshark on my laptop to watch the vulnerability scans. Fur- ther analysis of the packets would reveal the mag- ic behind the scanning process Figure 4. Checking listening ports for the openvasmd service berry Pi is underwhelming in this application. This is not unexpected actually and, to a certain degree, Setting up the Scans insignificant.
While the speed of the scans could The obligatory disclaimer: I am not an attorney; be increased by using faster hardware, we desire however, I used to work for some. Be sure you inexpensive and good enough.
While scanning, www. Further performance gains would be real- this port to look up various services running on a re- ized by running OpenVAS from the command line mote computer and is used for remote management only and not from the GUI. In a distributed scanner of the device. Analyzing the Results Once the scan s were finished, it was time to eval- uate the results.
In this case, we will look at a scan on my work laptop a Windows 7 computer. The Host Summary area of the report provides a high-level view of the number of vulnerabilities de- tected and the threat level — High, Medium, or Low. More in- vasive scans would likely show more threats at the A potential remediation could be to modify the fire- expense of time and higher network activity. For the wall rules on the Windows computer to only allow test scan, the results show zero High level threats, IP packets sourcing from servers and administrative two Medium and seven Low level.
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